Origin of Founders Day

The War Department of the United States, recognizing the critcal role of African Americans in the fight for freedom, established a separate bureau for management and organization of United States Colored Troops on May 22, 1863. The Bureau for Colored Troops, under Major Charles W. Foster, was located at No. 551 17th Street in Washington, DC.

GENERAL ORDERS No. 143
WAR DEPARTMENT ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE
WASHINGTON, MAY 22,1863

I. A Bureau is established in the Adjutant General's Office for the record of all matters relating to the organization of Colored Troops. An officer will be assigned to the charge of the Bureau, with such number of clerks as may be designed by the Adjutant General.

II. Three or more field officers will be detailed as Inspectors to supervise the organization of colored troops at such points as may be indicated by the War Department in the Northern and Western States.

III. Boards will be convened at such posts as may be decided by the War Department to examine applicants for commissions to command colored troops, who on application to the Adjutant General. may receive authority to present themselves to the board for examination.

IV. No persons shall be allowed to recruit for colored troops except specially authorized by the War Department; ad no such authority will be given to persons who have not been examined and passed by a board; nor will such authority be given any one person to raise more than one regiment.

V. The reports of Boards will specify the grade of commission for which each candidate is fit; and authority to recruit will be given in accordance. Commissions will be issued from the Adjutant General's Office when the prescribed number of men is ready for muster into service.

VI. Colored troops may be accepted by companies, to be afterwards consolidated in battalions and regiments by the Adjutant General. The regiments will be number seriatim, in order in which they are raised, the numbers to be determined by the Adjutant General. They will be designated: "___ Regiment of U.S. Colored Troops.

VII. Recruiting stations and depots will be established by the Adjutant General as circumstances shall require, and officers will be detailed to muster and inspect the troops.

VIII. The non-commissioned officers of colored troops may be selected and appointed from the best men of their number in the usual mode of appointing no-commissioned officers. Meritorious commissioned officers will be entitled to promotion to higher rank if they prove themselves equal to it.

IX. All personal applications for appointments in colored regiments, or for information concerning them, must be made to the Chief of the Bureau; all written communication should be addressed to the Chief of the Bureau, to care of the Adjutant General.

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:

E.D. TOWNSEND
Assistant Adjutant General